Uygarl\u0131klar nas\u0131l do\u011far, nas\u0131l y\u00fckselir, nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6ker? \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcyle ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r? Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n ortak kaderinde sakl\u0131 bir d\u00fczen var m\u0131d\u0131r? \u0130NSANLI\u011eIN B\u00dcY\u00dcK Y\u00dcR\u00dcY\u00dc\u015e\u00dcN\u00dc ANLAMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N KAPSAMLI B\u0130R REHBER… *** \u201cToynbee\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kal\u0131c\u0131 katk\u0131s\u0131, Avrupa-merkezli tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131karak Asya, Afrika, Amerika ve di\u011fer d\u00fcnyan\u0131n halklar\u0131n\u0131n tarihlerini insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak ge\u00e7mi\u015fi i\u00e7inde e\u015fit bir yere oturtmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d \u2014 William H. McNeill, Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life \u201cBu y\u00fczy\u0131lda yay\u0131mlanan t\u00fcm kitaplar i\u00e7inde, y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra da okunaca\u011f\u0131 en kesin olan\u0131 Bir Tarih \u0130ncelemesi\u2019dir.\u201d \u2014 Clifton Fadiman\u201cYaln\u0131zca bir kitap i\u00e7in vaktiniz varsa \u2013bu y\u0131l, gelecek y\u0131l ve ondan sonraki y\u0131l\u2013 o kitap Bir Tarih \u0130ncelemesi olmal\u0131.\u201d \u2014 The Nation \u201cGer\u00e7ek bir bilgelik ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131; \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 ve en ilham verici incelemelerinden biri.\u201d \u2014 Los Angeles Times *** Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen tarih\u00e7ilerinden Arnold J. Toynbee\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de daha \u00e7ok Tarih Bilinci ad\u0131yla bilinen ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131 Bir Tarih \u0130ncelemesi (A Study of History), modern tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en iddial\u0131 sorular\u0131ndan birine yan\u0131t arar: Bir uygarl\u0131k neden y\u00fckselir ve neden \u00e7\u00f6ker? Bu sorunun izinde Toynbee, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir d\u00fcnya tarihini salt olaylar dizisi olarak g\u00f6rmek yerine birbirinin i\u00e7inden do\u011fan, s\u0131nanan ve zamanla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclen uygarl\u0131klar \u00fczerinden okur. Toynbee\u2019ye g\u00f6re tarih, co\u011frafya ya da \u0131rk gibi basit a\u00e7\u0131klamalara s\u0131\u011fmaz. Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011furan \u015fey, toplumlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 meydan okumalara verdikleri yarat\u0131c\u0131 yan\u0131tlard\u0131r: \u201cUygarl\u0131k, s\u0131nand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde \u015fekillenir.\u201d Kitap boyunca bu fikri Antik Yunan\u2019dan \u00c7in\u2019e, Roma\u2019dan \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na, Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupa\u2019s\u0131ndan modern Bat\u0131\u2019ya uzanan geni\u015f bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evede i\u015fler. Toynbee, \u201cuygarl\u0131k\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan toplum t\u00fcrlerinin ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana insan \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel deneyiminin do\u011fas\u0131 ve \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcne ili\u015fkin tek ve kesintisiz bir arg\u00fcman\u0131 ilmek ilmek dokur. Tarih\u00ee olaylar\u0131n anlams\u0131z bir dizi yani kaos olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksine bir desen ve ritim sergiledi\u011fini ortaya koyar. Yarat\u0131c\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n toplumu ileri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 fakat zamanla yerlerine yerle\u015fmi\u015f birer bask\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek geli\u015fmeyi t\u0131kad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rnekler; i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f proletaryalar\u0131n y\u00fckselen gerilimleri; \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan kurulan evrensel devletler ve yeni inan\u00e7 topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu… Toynbee, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu evreleri tarihin ritmini a\u00e7\u0131klayan bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131r. \u201cHi\u00e7bir uygarl\u0131k sonsuz de\u011fildir; s\u0131nav\u0131n\u0131 veremeyen her toplum tarihin sessizli\u011finde kaybolur.\u201d Arnold J. Toynbee\u2019nin klasikle\u015fen eseri Bir Tarih \u0130ncelemesi\u2019nde sundu\u011fu ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ve gelece\u011fi de anlamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan b\u00fcy\u00fck sentezi, okura insanl\u0131k tarihinin geni\u015f panoramas\u0131n\u0131 tek bir tutarl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015fla g\u00f6rme imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131yor. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Uygarl\u0131klar nas\u0131l do\u011far, nas\u0131l y\u00fckselir, nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6ker? \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcyle ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r? Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n ortak kaderinde sakl\u0131 bir d\u00fczen var m\u0131d\u0131r? \u0130NSANLI\u011eIN B\u00dcY\u00dcK Y\u00dcR\u00dcY\u00dc\u015e\u00dcN\u00dc ANLAMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[12305,12304],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-780130","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","5":"product_cat-dunya-tarihi","6":"product_cat-tarih","7":"pa_cilt-ciltli","8":"pa_tur-kitap","9":"pa_yayinevi-kronik-kitap","10":"pa_yazar-arnold-j-toynbee","12":"first","13":"instock","14":"sale","15":"shipping-taxable","16":"purchasable","17":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/780130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=780130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=780130"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=780130"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=780130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}