Baz\u0131 yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan sosyolojinin m\u00fcjdeleyicilerinden, baz\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sosyolojinin kurucusu olarak kabul edilen hukuk\u00e7u Montesquieu, geli\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u00f6nteme uygun olarak, olmas\u0131 gereken en iyi toplumu ve siyasal rejimi de\u011fil belirli bir toplum i\u00e7in en uygun siyasal rejimi ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunu yaparken \u00e7ok say\u0131da de\u011fi\u015fken kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n odak noktas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan siyasal rejimleri incelerken de ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi izlemi\u015ftir. Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fin iklim, akarsular\u0131n durumu, \u00fclke b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, arazi yap\u0131s\u0131 gibi fiziki nitelikteyken; bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fin din, ticaret \u015fekli, ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131, u\u011fra\u015f alanlar\u0131, \u00f6rf ve \u00e2detler gibi be\u015feri niteliktedir. Montesquieu, bu de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc toplumun genel ruhu \u015feklinde ifade etmi\u015ftir. Her toplum, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu fiziki ve be\u015feri \u00f6zelliklerin meydana getirdi\u011fi bir ruha, bir k\u00fclt\u00fcre sahiptir. Bir \u00fclkenin siyasal rejimini olu\u015fturan, belirleyen bu ruh\/k\u00fclt\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Bu \u00f6n kabulden hareketle Montesquieu, siyasal rejimlerin tasnifinde Herodotos\u2019tan kendi zaman\u0131na kadar genel kabul g\u00f6ren y\u00f6netenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc yerine do\u011fa ve ilke \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcre g\u00f6re her siyasal rejimin niteli\u011fini belirleyen bir ilke ve do\u011fa vard\u0131r. Bu ilkeleri dikkate alarak Montesquieu, siyasal rejimleri \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 ve \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 olmayanlar \u015feklinde ikiye ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Il\u0131ml\u0131 siyasal rejimler, cumhuriyet ve monar\u015fidir. Bu rejimlerin \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Cumhuriyetlerde \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fiyken, monar\u015filerde vatanda\u015flar\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131k ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Il\u0131ml\u0131 olmayan siyasal rejim ise despotizmdir. Despotizmde despot, \u00fclkeyi korkuyla ve kaprislerine g\u00f6re y\u00f6netti\u011finden, y\u00f6netilenlerin hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinden s\u00f6z edilemez.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Baz\u0131 yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan sosyolojinin m\u00fcjdeleyicilerinden, baz\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sosyolojinin kurucusu olarak kabul edilen hukuk\u00e7u Montesquieu, geli\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u00f6nteme uygun olarak, olmas\u0131 gereken en iyi toplumu ve siyasal [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[12337],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-764104","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","5":"product_cat-politika-siyaset","6":"pa_cilt-ciltsiz","7":"pa_tur-kitap","8":"pa_yayinevi-astana-yayinlari","9":"pa_yazar-sabahattin-nal","11":"first","12":"instock","13":"sale","14":"shipping-taxable","15":"purchasable","16":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/764104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=764104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=764104"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=764104"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roveyayinevi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=764104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}